Gemer 1 Tablet PR is a medication used for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. It contains a combination of two active ingredients: Glimepiride and Metformin. The "PR" stands for "prolonged release," indicating that the tablet is designed to release the medication gradually over time, providing a prolonged therapeutic effect. Active Ingredients: Glimepiride (1mg): A sulfonylurea class of antidiabetic agent that helps stimulate the release of insulin from the pancreas. Metformin Hydrochloride (Prolonged Release): A biguanide class of antidiabetic agent that helps control blood glucose levels. Uses: Gemer 1 Tablet PR is primarily used for: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: To help control blood glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes, especially when diet, exercise, and a single antidiabetic medication do not result in adequate glycemic control. Mechanism of Action: Glimepiride: Stimulates the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells, which lowers blood glucose levels. Metformin: Reduces Hepatic Glucose Production: Decreases the production of glucose by the liver. Improves Insulin Sensitivity: Enhances the body’s response to insulin, promoting better glucose uptake by cells. Decreases Intestinal Glucose Absorption: Reduces the amount of glucose absorbed from the intestines. Advantages of Prolonged Release (PR) Formulation: Steady Release: Provides a consistent release of medication, helping to maintain stable blood glucose levels throughout the day. Reduced Gastrointestinal Side Effects: May decrease the incidence of gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea and diarrhea, which are commonly associated with immediate-release formulations. Common Side Effects: Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels) Gastrointestinal issues (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort) Risk of lactic acidosis (rare but serious condition, particularly in individuals with renal impairment or other contraindications) Weight gain (primarily associated with Glimepiride) Vitamin B12 deficiency (with long-term use of Metformin) Precautions: Renal Function Monitoring: Should be used with caution in patients with impaired kidney function. Regular monitoring of renal function is recommended. Contraindications: Not recommended for individuals with severe renal disease, liver disease, or metabolic acidosis. Lactic Acidosis Risk: Although rare, lactic acidosis is a serious condition requiring immediate medical attention, especially in cases of dehydration or severe infection. Dosage and Administration: Dosage: The dosage of Gemer 1 Tablet PR is determined by the healthcare provider based on the patient’s medical condition and response to treatment. It is generally started at a lower dose and gradually increased. Administration: Typically taken with meals to minimize gastrointestinal side effects and improve absorption. The tablet should be swallowed whole, without crushing or chewing. Advantages: Combines the effects of two different antidiabetic agents, which can be more effective in controlling blood sugar levels than either medication alone. Provides the convenience of a prolonged release formulation, helping to maintain stable glucose levels over an extended period. May improve patient adherence due to the reduced frequency of dosing compared to immediate-release forms.